Erbium
LANTHANOID · GROUP None · PERIOD 6
68
Er
Erbium
167.26
Atomic Data
| Atomic Number | 68 |
| Symbol | Er |
| Atomic Weight | 167.26 u |
| Density (STP) | 9.066 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1528.85 °C (1802 K) |
| Boiling Point | 2867.85 °C (3141 K) |
| Electronegativity | 1.24 (Pauling) |
| Electron Config. | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f12 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Category | Lanthanoid |
| Period / Group | 6 / None |
| CAS Number | 7440-52-0 |
Electron Configuration
{{BOHR_SVG}}
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
| Shell | n | Subshell | Electrons | Cumulative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 1 | 1s | 2 | 2 |
| L | 2 | 2s | 2 | 4 |
| L | 2 | 2p | 6 | 10 |
| M | 3 | 3s | 2 | 12 |
| M | 3 | 3p | 6 | 18 |
| M | 3 | 3d | 10 | 28 |
| N | 4 | 4s | 2 | 30 |
| N | 4 | 4p | 6 | 36 |
| N | 4 | 4d | 10 | 46 |
| N | 4 | 4f | 12 | 58 |
| O | 5 | 5s | 2 | 60 |
| O | 5 | 5p | 6 | 66 |
| P | 6 | 6s | 2 | 68 |
| Total | 68 | 68 | ||
Isotopes of Erbium
Erbium has six naturally occurring stable isotopes. The most abundant is ¹⁶⁶Er, comprising 33.61% of all naturally occurring Erbium.
| Isotope | Symbol | Protons | Neutrons | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erbium-162 | ¹⁶²Er | 68 | 94 | 0.14 | Stable |
| Erbium-164 | ¹⁶⁴Er | 68 | 96 | 1.61 | Stable |
| Erbium-166 | ¹⁶⁶Er | 68 | 98 | 33.61 | Stable |
| Erbium-167 | ¹⁶⁷Er | 68 | 99 | 22.93 | Stable |
| Erbium-168 | ¹⁶⁸Er | 68 | 100 | 26.78 | Stable |
| Erbium-170 | ¹⁷⁰Er | 68 | 102 | 14.93 | Stable |
Abundance & Occurrence
Erbium is present in Earth's crust at approximately 3.5 ppm by mass and at approximately 0.1 ppm by mass throughout the universe.
Earth's Crust (ppm by mass)
Erbium
3.5 ppm
Silicon (ref.)
277,000 ppm
Oxygen (ref.)
461,000 ppm
Universe (ppm by mass)
Erbium
0.1 ppm
Helium (ref.)
230,000 ppm
Hydrogen (ref.)
739,000 ppm
Discovery & History
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Safety & Handling
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Erbium in the Real World
Real-World Uses
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Downloadable Resources
Free periodic table reference sheets for classrooms, study sessions, and laboratory use.