Neodymium
LANTHANOID · GROUP None · PERIOD 6
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.24
Atomic Data
| Atomic Number | 60 |
| Symbol | Nd |
| Atomic Weight | 144.24 u |
| Density (STP) | 7.01 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 1023.85 °C (1297 K) |
| Boiling Point | 3073.85 °C (3347 K) |
| Electronegativity | 1.14 (Pauling) |
| Electron Config. | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f4 5s2 5p6 6s2 |
| Oxidation States | +3 |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Category | Lanthanoid |
| Period / Group | 6 / None |
| CAS Number | 7440-00-8 |
Electron Configuration
{{BOHR_SVG}}
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
| Shell | n | Subshell | Electrons | Cumulative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 1 | 1s | 2 | 2 |
| L | 2 | 2s | 2 | 4 |
| L | 2 | 2p | 6 | 10 |
| M | 3 | 3s | 2 | 12 |
| M | 3 | 3p | 6 | 18 |
| M | 3 | 3d | 10 | 28 |
| N | 4 | 4s | 2 | 30 |
| N | 4 | 4p | 6 | 36 |
| N | 4 | 4d | 10 | 46 |
| N | 4 | 4f | 4 | 50 |
| O | 5 | 5s | 2 | 52 |
| O | 5 | 5p | 6 | 58 |
| P | 6 | 6s | 2 | 60 |
| Total | 60 | 60 | ||
Isotopes of Neodymium
Neodymium has seven naturally occurring stable isotopes. The most abundant is ¹⁴²Nd, comprising 27.2% of all naturally occurring Neodymium.
| Isotope | Symbol | Protons | Neutrons | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neodymium-142 | ¹⁴²Nd | 60 | 82 | 27.2 | Stable |
| Neodymium-143 | ¹⁴³Nd | 60 | 83 | 12.2 | Stable |
| Neodymium-144 | ¹⁴⁴Nd | 60 | 84 | 23.8 | Stable |
| Neodymium-145 | ¹⁴⁵Nd | 60 | 85 | 8.3 | Stable |
| Neodymium-146 | ¹⁴⁶Nd | 60 | 86 | 17.2 | Stable |
| Neodymium-148 | ¹⁴⁸Nd | 60 | 88 | 5.7 | Stable |
| Neodymium-150 | ¹⁵⁰Nd | 60 | 90 | 5.6 | Stable |
Abundance & Occurrence
Neodymium is present in Earth's crust at approximately 41 ppm by mass and at approximately 0.6 ppm by mass throughout the universe.
Earth's Crust (ppm by mass)
Neodymium
41 ppm
Silicon (ref.)
277,000 ppm
Oxygen (ref.)
461,000 ppm
Universe (ppm by mass)
Neodymium
0.6 ppm
Helium (ref.)
230,000 ppm
Hydrogen (ref.)
739,000 ppm
Discovery & History
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Safety & Handling
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Neodymium in the Real World
Real-World Uses
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Downloadable Resources
Free periodic table reference sheets for classrooms, study sessions, and laboratory use.